information Technology;Advantages & Disadvantages,

       Advantages and Disadvantages of information technology in Society:

Ad:

• Improved innovation: Technology has played a big role in job creation and emerging of technology based companies. With access to a computer and internet, any one can start an business while at home. Most successful technology based ventures like Google / Amazon / Facebook, to mention but a few, started from home but now they employ thousands or people.
• Improved entertainment: Technology has changed the entertainment industry, now days we have many options to choose from, you can have a play-list of 10,000 songs in your palms with an ipod, you can watch movies on the go with an ipad , the list is endless.
• Improved social discovery:  Finding both old and new friends has become very simple. With social networks like facebook and twitter, you can easily keep up with all your old friends and also make new ones.
• Globalization of knowledge: Today you can use the internet to get the latest news from any country on the globe. Services like ‘’Twitter’’ have enabled people to become journalist so they report news on instant by twitting. Services like Wikipedia.org are well equipped with data on about anything.
• Improved communication:

Dis:

• Cyber-sickness: With the increased addiction to social networks and internet games, people are spending more time on computers and give up on their normal offline life.  This has resulted into relation breakups and increases loneliness.
• Social implications – access to harmful information which corrupts people’s minds and drives them to commit crime. People use search engines to find information on how to create harmful weapons and how to commit wrong acts in society.

Information Technology;Interest.

Information Technology - Also of Interest

• Job Interviews
• Salary Calculators
• Professional Information Security Organizations

Information Technology;Trends.

Information Technology - Trends:

Information Technology Departments will be increasingly concerned with data storage and management, and will find that information security will continue to be at the top of the priority list. Cloud computing remains a growing area to watch. The job outlook for those within Information Technology is strong, with data security and server gurus amongst the highest paid techies. Check out the Information Security Certifications and Highest Paying Certifications for more information. In order to stay current in the Information Technology Industry, be sure you subscribe to top technology industry publications.

 

Information Technology;Skills.

Popular Information Technology Skills:

Some of the most popular information technology skills at the moment are:

• Computer Networking
• Information Security
• IT Governance
• ITIL
• Business Intelligence
• Linux
• Unix
• Project Management

Information Technology; Satictics.

A graph that shows the usage of the "Information Technolgy".

Information Technology;Academic perspective.

Academic perspective

In an academic context, the Association for Computing Machinery defines IT as "undergraduate degree programs that prepare students to meet the computer technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations .... IT specialists assume responsibility for selecting hardware and software products appropriate for an organization, integrating those products with organizational needs and infrastructure, and installing, customizing, and maintaining those applications for the organization’s computer users."

Information Technology; Data manipulation.

Data manipulation

Hilbert and Lopez identify the exponential pace of technological change (a kind of Moore's law): machines' application-specific capacity to compute information per capita roughly doubled every 14 months between 1986 and 2007; the per capita capacity of the world's general-purpose computers doubled every 18 months during the same two decades; the global telecommunication capacity per capita doubled every 34 months; the world's storage capacity per capita required roughly 40 months to double (every 3 years); and per capita broadcast information has doubled every 12.3 years.^[22]

Massive amounts of data are stored worldwide every day, but unless it can be analysed and presented effectively it essentially resides in what have been called data tombs: "data archives that are seldom visited".^[35] To address that issue, the field of data mining – "the process of discovering interesting patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data"^[36] – emerged in the late 1980s.

Information Technology;Data transmission.

Data transmission

Data transmission has three aspects: transmission, propagation, and reception. It can be broadly categorized as broadcasting, in which information is transmitted unidirectionally downstream, or telecommunications, with bidirectional upstream and downstream channels.

XML has been increasingly employed as a means of data interchange since the early 2000s, particularly for machine-oriented interactions such as those involved in web-oriented protocols such as SOAP, describing "data-in-transit rather than ... data-at-rest". One of the challenges of such usage is converting data from relational databases into XML Document Object Model (DOM) structures

InformationTechnology;Data retrieval.

The relational database model introduced a programming-language independent Structured Query Language (SQL), based on relational algebra.^[26]

The terms "data" and "information" are not synonymous. Anything stored is data, but it only becomes information when it is organized and presented meaningfully.^[29] Most of the world's digital data is unstructured, and stored in a variety of different physical formats^[30][b] even within a single organization. Data warehouses began to be developed in the 1980s to integrate these disparate stores. They typically contain data extracted from various sources, including external sources such as the Internet, organised in such a way as to facilitate decision support systems (DSS).

Information Technology;Databases.

Database management systems emerged in the 1960s to address the problem of storing and retrieving large amounts of data accurately and quickly. One of the earliest such systems was IBM's Information Management System (IMS),^] which is still widely deployed more than 40 years later. IMS stores data hierarchically,^[24] but in the 1970s Ted Codd proposed an alternative relational storage model based on set theory and predicate logic and the familiar concepts of tables, rows and columns. The first commercially available relational database management system (RDBMS) was available from Oracle in 1980.^[

All database management systems consist of a number of components that together allow the data they store to be accessed simultaneously by many users while maintaining its integrity. A characteristic of all databases is that the structure of the data they contain is defined and stored separately from the data itself, in a database schema.

The extensible markup language (XML) has become a popular format for data representation in recent years. Although XML data can be stored in normal file systems, it is commonly held in relational databases to take advantage of their "robust implementation verified by years of both theoretical and practical effort".^[27] As an evolution of theStandard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), XML's text-based structure offers the advantage of being both machine and human-readable.

Information Technology;Data storage.

Data storage

Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of punched tape, a long strip of paper on which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete.^[14]Electronic data storage, which is used in modern computers, dates from the Second World War, when a form of delay line memory was developed to remove the clutter from radarsignals, the first practical application of which was the mercury delay line.^[15] The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube, based on a standard cathode ray tube,^[16] but the information stored in it and delay line memory was volatile in that it had to be continuously refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of non-volatile computer storage was the magnetic drum, invented in 1932^[17] and used in the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercially available general-purpose electronic computer.

IBM introduced the first hard disk drive in 1956, as a component of their 305 RAMAC computer system.^[19] Most digital data today is still stored magnetically on hard disks, or optically on media such as CD-ROMs.^[20] Until 2002 most information was stored on analog devices, but that year digital storage capacity exceeded analog for the first time. As of 2007 almost 94% of the data stored worldwide was held digitally:^[21] 52% on hard disks, 28% on optical devices and 11% on digital magnetic tape. It has been estimated that the worldwide capacity to store information on electronic devices grew from less than 3 exabytes in 1986 to 295 exabytes in 2007, doubling roughly every 3 years

Information Technology;History.

History of computer technology

Electronic computers, using either relays or valves, began to appear in the early 1940s. The electromechanical Zuse Z3, completed in 1941, was the world's first programmablecomputer, and by modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered a complete computing machine. Colossus, developed during the Second World War to decrypt German messages was the first electronic digital computer. Although it was programmable, it was not general-purpose, being designed to perform only a single task. It also lacked the ability to store its program in memory; programming was carried out using plugs and switches to alter the internal wiring.^[11] The first recognisably modern electronic digital stored-program computer was the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), which ran its first program on 21 June 1948.

Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick.^[7] The Antikythera mechanism, dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer, and the earliest known geared mechanism.^[8] Comparable geared devices did not emerge in Europe until the 16th century,^[9] and it was not until 1645 that the first mechanical calculator capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed.

The development of transistors in the late 1940s at Bell Laboratories allowed a new generation of computers to be designed with greatly reduced power consumption. The first commercially available stored-program computer, the Ferranti Mark I, contained 4050 valves and had a power consumption of 25 kilowatts. By comparison the first transistorised computer, developed at the University of Manchester and operational by November 1953, consumed only 150 watts in its final version.

Information Technology; Defination.

The Defination of Information technology:



Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors,internet, telecom equipment, e-commerce and computer services.
Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developedwriting in about 3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in theHarvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs